Draft for clinical review: this educational text and illustration require clinician approval before publication.
Image: Symmetrical facial pigmentation. Original schematic illustration, not a patient photograph. Colours and shapes are simplified and are not diagnostic.
Understanding Melasma
Melasma causes flat brown or grey-brown patches, commonly on both cheeks, the forehead or upper lip. Sunlight, visible light and hormonal influences can contribute. It is not an infection. Similar-looking pigmentation can have other causes, so a new or changing patch should not be diagnosed from a photograph alone.
Common symptoms
- Symmetrical patches of darker colour on the face.
- Pigmentation that becomes more noticeable after light exposure.
- Usually no pain, broken skin or raised growth.
Causes and contributing factors
Melasma involves increased pigment production. Pregnancy, hormonal medicines, family tendency and light exposure can contribute, although not everyone has an obvious trigger. Irritating cosmetics can worsen pigmentation rather than safely lighten it.
How the condition is assessed
A dermatologist examines the distribution and reviews pregnancy status, medicines, skincare and sun exposure. Tests are not always necessary. A single irregular or changing spot should be assessed separately rather than assumed to be melasma.
Care and treatment considerations
Daily sun protection, shade, a broad-brimmed hat and suitable broad-spectrum sunscreen are central to care. Tinted sunscreen containing iron oxides may help with visible-light protection. Prescription creams or procedures require individual selection, especially during pregnancy; improvement varies and recurrence is common.
When to seek medical help
Arrange a review for uncertain pigmentation, irritation from lightening products, or a changing, bleeding or unevenly coloured lesion. Do not use unlabelled bleaching creams or steroid-containing fairness mixtures.
Patient questions
Can melasma be removed permanently?
There is no guaranteed permanent cure. Pigmentation may improve with a suitable plan, but maintenance and light protection are often needed.
Should I book a chemical peel straight away?
No procedure is suitable for everyone. Assessment comes first because irritation can worsen pigmentation, particularly in darker skin.
Dermatology consultation in Birgunj
For an individual skin assessment, request a consultation with Dr. Rohit Gupta at the dermatology clinic in Birgunj. View appointment options. Use urgent or emergency services for the warning signs described above; do not wait for a routine appointment.
Reference and medical information notice
Further reading: DermNet: Melasma. The reference is independent of the clinic; linking does not imply endorsement or review by DermNet.
This original educational summary does not diagnose a rash or replace personal medical advice. No clinician review, treatment guarantee or direct quotation from Dr. Rohit Gupta is claimed.